O FUTURISMO

O futurismo surgiu oficialmente em 20 de fevereiro de 1909 com a publicação do Manifesto Futurista, pelo poeta italiano Filippo Marinetti, no jornal francês Le Figaro. Os artistas seguidores do movimento rejeitavam e ignoravam o moralismo e o passado. Suas obras baseavam-se fortemente na velocidade e nos desenvolvimentos tecnológicos do final do século XIX. Os primeiros futuristas europeus também valorizaram a guerra e a violência. O Futurismo desenvolveu-se em todas as artes e influenciou diversos artistas que depois fundaram outros movimentos modernistas.

HISTÓRIA DA ARTE

Olá pessoal. Eu não postei coisas novas porque eu tinha q estudar. Sabe cumé né... Estou criando outro artigo sobre a HISTÓRIA DA ARTE. Vou passar postagens falando sobre diferentes tipos de movimentos artístico. Lmebrandoq eles não estão em ordem. Espero que gostem!

MAISIE AND THE DOLPHIN

Maisie King lives in the Bahamas. She is 13 years old and likes pop music, reading and swimming. Her mother and father are doctors. They work at the Freeport Animal Hospital. The hospital is next to their home – a blue house by the sea. It is very old, but it is beautiful, and Maisie loves it. Her grandfather loves it, too. He lives with the family.

On Saturday Maisie and her grandfather often go out in his boat – the Warm Wind. Maisie likes to swim underwater and look at all the beautiful fish. One day she sees something – it is a piece of wood. There are some letters on it: ´´M….N….A´´.

´´What can that be?´´ Maisie thinks. ´´I know! I can ask Grandpa.´´

She swims back to the Warm Wind. ´´Grandpa! There´s a big piece of wo…´´ But her grnadfhater is not listening. He is watching a big, expensive American boat and a dolphin.

´´Oh no, ´´He says. ´´That boat´s going too fast. The driver can´t see the dolphin. Hey!Stop!´´ But it´s too late. The boat hits the dolphin and drives away.

Maisie is very angry. She and her grandfather take the dolphin back to Freeport. Her mother is in the garden. She says,´´ What have you got there? A dolphin?!´´ Maisie says, ´´Yes. Can you and Dad help him?´´ Then she sees the big American boat. ´´Why is that here?´´ she asks. Her mother says,´´ There´s an American in the house with Dad – Carl Flint. I think it´s his boat.´´

Maisie runs into the house. She can hear her father. He is saying, ´´You want to give me $200,000 for the hospital and this house?!´´ Carl Flint says, ´´Yes. I want to build a big hotel here.´´ Maisie´s father thinks for a moment. ´´Well, the hospital isn´t doing very well, but… I need a little time.´´ Carl Flint says to him,´´ OK – You´ve got 4 weeks.´´

That night Maisie looks out of her bedroom window. She can see the dolphin in a big pool next to the hospital. She thinks, ´´He needs a name. I know! Ben!!´´. Then she looks at the moon. She says, ´´Carl Flint can´t buy this house. It´s our home!´´ She feels very sad. Then she looks at the dolphin again, says ´´Goodnight Ben´´, and closes her window.

The next day Maisie goes to see Ben after school. She asks her mother, ´´How is he?´´ Mrs King look at the long red line on the dolphin´s head. ´´He isn´t eating,´´ She says. There are a lot of fish in a bucket next to the pool. Maisie takes one out and says,´´ This is for you, Ben.´´ The dolphin eats the fish. Maisie´s mother is very happy. She says,´´ That´s good! He likes you.´´

Three weeks later Ben is strong and well again. He and Maisie are friends. She plays games and swims with him every day. One evening Mrs King says, ´´Oh John, I don´t want to make Maisie unhappy, but…´´ John King looks at her.´´ I know,´´ he says, ´´ Ben´s well now. His home´s back in the sea.´´ Maisie´s grandfather says,´´ It´s OK – let me talking to her.´´

Later Maisie and her grandfather watch the sun go down.´´ Tomorrow?´´ Maisie´s eye are very sad.´´ But your dolphin´s well again. It´s time for him to go home.´´

´´I´m losing everything,´´ Maisie thinks,´´… first my home, now Ben.´´

The next day Maisie and her grandfather take Ben out to sea. At half-past ten Grandad stops the Warm Wind. At the side of the boat Maisie puts ine hand on the dolphin´s head.´´ Goodbye,´´ She says.´´ Please don´t forget me.´´ Then she cuts two thick ropes and Ben swims away.´´OK?´´ Grandad asks. For a moment Maisie cannot speak. Then she answers, ´´Yes, OK.´´

They start to go home. Maisie is very sad and does not say anything. Then, two minutes later she stands up.´´ Stop! Grandad, stop the boat!!´´ She can see a dolphin beside them in the water. It is Ben and he has got something in his mouth.´´ What´s he got there?´´ Grandad asks. Maisie says.´´ I can´t see. It´s not very big. Is it an old key?´´

Grandad stops the Warm Wind. Now Ben is jumping out of the water.´´ Why´s he going that?´´ Grandad asks. Maisie says, ´´ I think he wants me to follow him. Please – can I?´´ the old man looks at her.´´ You two and your games,´´ he says. ´´OK – but only for five minutes.´´

´´Oh Grandad – thank you!´´ says Maisie. Five minutes later she jumps over the side of the Warm Wind.

Under the water Maisie sees a piece of wood with the letters´´ M…N…A´´ on it. ´´I remember this!´´ she thinks. But Ben does not stop here. He swims between two big stones. Then they come to a box. It has the word´´ MONTOYA´´ on the top. Maisie takes the key from Ben´s mouth and opens the box. There are lots of gold coins in it. Thousands of them!!

The next morning Maisie´s name is in the newspaper. The story says´´FREEPORT GIRL FINDS SPANISH GOLD´´. Mr King telephones Carl Flint in New York. ´´Ah, hello,´´ says Carl Flint. ´´Do you have an answer for me?´´ ´´Yes, I do,´´ says Maisie´s father,´´ … and it´s ´´no´´. We don´t want to sell the house or the hospital. Goodbye, Mr Flint.´´

With the money from the Montoya coins, Maisie´s mother and father build a new hospital. They are very happy. Maisie is happy, too. ´´Oh Grandad,´´ she says one evening in the garden, ´´now we can always live here because of…´´ At that moment Ben jumps out of the sea.´´… BEN!!´´ The old man and the girl laugh. Then the sun goes down and they walk back to the house.

Meu Aniversario

EEEEEEEEEEEEEE!!!!!

Fiz 12 anos antes de ontem. 12 anos. 12 anos sobre a terra. 2 dígitos. 5 + 5. 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2. Uma década. 12 anos sobre a terra e muito tempo (principalmente pra minha mãe que tem quase 50 anos sobre a terra!). Bem, continuarei a colocar novas postagens. Principalmente as de Inglês!.

DIVIRTAM -SE LENDO O MEU BLOG. VISITEM TAMBEM O BLOG DA MENINA MALUCA.

Grandpa

authors -Eduardo Amos, Elisabeth Prescher, Ernesto Pasqualin

CHAPTER 1

´´How´s your mom? ´´ Denise asked.

´´She´s getting better, ´´ Clara answered. ´´The doctor told her she will be ok if she continues her treatment.´´

The two girls were talking in Clara´s bedroom. They were both 17 and they were cousins. Their parents were in the living room.

´´What do you think our folks are talking about? ´´ asked Denise.

´´I don´t know, but it must be serious, ´´ replied Clara

´´Yeah, my mom and dad seem worried, ´´ Denise said.

´´Mine too… But, anyhow… you said you had something to tell me. So, what is it? ´´ Clara was curious.

´´A new room´´ Denise said. She was very excited. I´m going to have a new bedroom! ´´

´´No kidding! Tell me more.´´

´´Well, the furniture I chose is all white, ´´ Denise explained.

´´And I am going to paint one of the walls yellow.´´

´´Cool! ´´ Clara replied enthusiastically.

´´And guess what? Tomorrow I´m going to choose the curtains, ´´ Denise said.

´´What color? ´´ Clara asked.

´´Maybe white, to go with the furniture. And here´s the best part: Dad is going to buy me a new computer, with a desk and space for all of my diskettes and CDs. Can you believe it, Clara? A computer just for me! ´´ Denise said.

´´Aren´t Ivan and Leo jealous? ‘Clara asked.

Ivan and Leo are Denise´s young brothers. Ivan was 15, and Leo was 6, and they shared a bedroom.

´´Sure, but I´ll let them use my computer if they behave themselves.´´

The two girls laughed.

´´I´m just kidding! ‘Said Denise. ´´They´re going to have a new room too.´´

´´But that will cost a fortune! ´´ replied Clara.

´´I guess you´re right. It´s going to cost a lot, ´´ said Denise.

´´But my dad got a promotion last month. He´s chief editor of the magazine now and he is making more money.´´

´´Well, I’m hungry, ´´ said Clara. ´´Let´s go downstairs and get something to eat.´´

The two girls went downstairs. On their way to the kitchen they saw their parents in the living room. They looked upset.

´´Did you see their faces´´ asked Denise as they walked into the kitchen.

´´Yeah! ´´ said Clara. ´´ They were arguing, weren´t they? ´´

´´I think you´re right, ´´ replied Denise.

´´They mentioned Uncle Mario´s name. But he isn´t here. What do you think they´re talking about? ´´

I don´t know, ´´ said Denise. ´´But something very serious is going on in there.´´

Mario was Eduardo and William´s brother. He was the oldest and richest of the three brothers. He lived in a huge house on the beach. Mario didn´t see his brothers very often because his wife, Regina, didn´t gets along with his family very well.

The girls went to the kitchen, fixed some sandwiches and something to drink, and went on talking.

´´You must be really happy about your dad´s promotion, ´´ said Clara.

´´To tell you the truth, not really. Of course, I´m happy about my room but my dad works more now. And he has to travel a lot too.´´

´´I know what you mean, ´´ Clara said. ´´I hate it when my dad is away on business.´´

´´My dad´s never around when I need him. And now that Mom´s back at college, I´m all by myself most of the time. It´s awful! ´´ complained Denise.

Denise´s mother, Laura Meyer, worked as nurse during the day and studied psychology in the evening.

´´You know, I love my parents and I´m really proud of them.´´ Denise added. ´´It´s just that I miss them.´´

´´At least you have your brother´s for company, ´´ Clara replied. ´´I have nobody to talk to most of the time.´´

´´You are lucky, ´´ Denise said. ´´Brothers can be annoying sometimes.´´

The girls talked for hours. It was almost dinner time when Denise´s mother called her to go home.

´´Well, ´´ William said, ´´we have something to tell you. It´s about Grandpa.´´

´´Is there something wrong? ´´ Denise asked. She was worried. ´´He isn´t sick, is he? ´´

´´No, no, that´s not the problem, Denise, ´´ her father answered. ´´But you know he´s 83 now… and since Grandma passed away, he is often lonely.´´

´´And you kids know that he lives by himself in that big house. We are worried about him there, all alone, ´´ Denise´s mom added.

´´Yeah, he seems so sad, ´´ Denise said.

´´I saw Grandpa crying the other day, ´´ Leo said. ´´I bet he misses Grandma.´´

´´You´re right, Leo, ´´ said William. ´´He misses her a lot. Grandpa and Grandma lived together for 60 years.´´

´´Is that a long time, Dad? ´´ asked Leo.

´´Yes, Leo. It´s a long time, ´´ his father explained. ´´And now he is sad and lonely. He doesn´t have anyone to talk to.´´ Laura said. ´´ Grandpa Can´t live by himself anymore, and we don´t want to send him to a nursing home.´´

´´Why can´t he live with Uncle Mario? ´´ asked Ivan. ´´His house is so big and he doesn´t have any kids.´´

´´I´m afraid Grandpa Can´t stay with Uncle Mario, Ivan, ´´ William said gravely. ´´You know Aunt Regina! ´´

´´Yeah, I know. She doesn´t like our family, ´´ completed Ivan.

´´The thing is…´´ William continued, ´´we decided that Grandpa is going to stay with us.´´

For a long time, Denise and Ivan just stared at each other in silence. Ivan was the first to speak.

´´What do you mean? ´´ He asked.

´´You mean Grandpa is going to live here… in our house! ´´ Denise couldn´t believe her ears.

´´That´s right, Denise, ´´ answered Laura.

´´Wow! ´´ Leo shouted. ´´Grandpa is going to live with us! ´´

´´But where´s he going to sleep? ´´ asked Ivan. ´´The room I share with Leo is too small.´´

´´And I´m not going to share my room with Grandpa. I need peace and quiet to study, ´´ Denise cried.

Nobody noticed but Leo was following every word. Suddenly he spoke out.

´´I can stay with Grandpa! I can stay with Grandpa in one room. Ivan and Denise can share the other room.´´

´´But what about our new rooms? ´´ asked Denise.

´´We´ll have to change our plans, guys, ´´ their mother answered.

´´Neat! ´´ cried Leo enthusiastically.

´´No way! ´´ grunted Ivan.

´´Forget it! ´´ said Denise angrily.

´´We have no other choice, ´´ William declared.’ Grandpa needs us now.´´

Denise just walked away to her room, her eyes filled with tears.

Denise and Ivan were upset by the change of plans but they knew they had to accept their parent´s decision. They soon began to arrange the room they were going to share from now on.

´´I can´t believe this is happening! I was already planning my new room, ´´ Denise said angrily.

´´So was I, ´´ said Ivan.

´´And I don´t want to share a room with you, ´´ she said.

´´Neither do I. But there´s nothing we can do about it, ´´ Ivan replied.

´´Let´s get some things clear. I don´t want your friends in here! ´´ Denise said.

´´And I don´t want your friends here either, ´´ Ivan said.

´´And you´ll have to leave your tennis shoes in the bathroom. They stink! ´´ She said.

Only Leo was really happy about Grandpa´s arrival. He didn´t stop asking questions all afternoon.

´´Do you think Grandpa is going to like our room, Mom? ´´ He asked.

´´Of course, sweaty. He´s going to love it.´´

´´It´s going to be great with Grandpa here! He told me we´re going to play together every day, ´´ the little boy said.

´´Really? ´´

´´Yes and I´m going to show him my new video game.´´

´´That´s nice, honey. I´m sure Grandpa is going to have a lot of fun, ´´ his mother said.

´´He said he´s going to make popcorn for me. I know can´t eat popcorn because of his teeth, but he can eat ice cream, can´t he, mom? Leo couldn´t stop talking. ´´I told Grandpa I´m afraid of the dark, but he said he´ll read to me until I go to sleep. And he said…´´

CHAPATER 3

On Saturday morning, William arrived home with Grandpa.

Ivan and Denise helped with the suitcases and Laura carried in some boxes. Even Leo helped. He took Attila, Grandpa´s cat, out the of the car and brought it into the house.

William was uneasy. Of course, he felt sorry for his father. He knew it was hard for him to leave his old house. But he was also worried about his family. He knew it was going to be hard for all of them, but especially for Denise and Ivan.

In the beginning, things were fine. Denise was afraid of cats but she kept away from Attila. Ivan didn´t listen to his CDs when Grandpa was there watching TV. William tried to talk about the things Grandpa enjoyed. And Leo? Well…

As time went by, Grandpa and Leo got closer and closer. There was always something new to discover together.

One day, they went to the zoo. On another, they had a lot of fun at the Museum of Modern Art. Grandpa Didn´t likes the sculptures very much, but Leo thought they were funny.

And on Saturday, at the amusement park, they rode merry-go-round and ate cotton candy.

And one day, Grandpa decided to build Leo a swing. They worked in the garage for days. When the swing was almost ready, Grandpa asked, ´´ Can you help me paint it, Leo? ´´.

´´Sure, Grandpa! I love painting, ´´ answered Leo. He was very excited.

That was one of the happiest days for Leo… and for Grandpa.

Things, however, were getting difficult between Grandpa and the older kids.

One day, Grandpa was working in the garage when Ivan arrived home from school. He wanted to use the garage to prepare an arts project and Grandpa Didn´t want to stop what he was doing. They argued for a long time and Grandpa finally walked out. He was very upset.

On another occasion, it was Denise who was mad at her grandfather. They were in the living room and she asked him to turn off the TV so she could study. He did what she asked but he wasn´t happy about it. ´´I can´t even watch my favorite TV program anymore, ´´ he grumbled as he left the room.

Time passed and the arguments between Grandpa and the older kids became more and more frequent. Ivan and Denise decided to talk to their father.

´´We´re sorry, Dad, ´´ said Denise. ´´We are trying to get along with Grandpa but he is really impossible.´´

´´So what do you want me to do? ´´ William asked. ´´Send him to a nursing home? ´´

´´Maybe it´s the best thing, Dad, ´´ Ivan said,

´´What are you talking about, Ivan? ´´ William was angry.

´´This is Grandpa´s home now. Am I clear? ´´

´´But Dad…´´ said Denise, trying to speak.

´´I don´t want to hear anymore. One day you´ll be sorry for what you are saying, ´´ their father said gravely. Then, he turned his back and walked out of the room.

CHAPTER 4

The following Saturday was a big day for Ivan. It was Young Scientist´s Fair. The fair took place at school every year. But this year, Ivan and some of his classmates were presenting a project.

When Grandpa got up that morning, Ivan and his friends were already in the garage finishing up their project – a remote-controlled model car.

´´Do you need any help, boys? ´´ Grandpa asked as he entered the garage.

´´No, thanks, Grandpa, ´´ said Ivan coldly. ´´We are already leaving for school.´´

´´Are you coming to the contest, Mr. Meyer? ´´ asked one of Ivan´s friends.

´´Of course I am, ´´ answered Grandpa. ´´And I´m going to bring my tools. You may need them.´´

At 10 o´clock, Grandpa and the rest of the family left for Ivan´s School. When they arrived, the contest was just starting. But something was wrong. Ivan was running towards them. And he was obviously upset.

´´Grandpa, Grandpa! Thank goodness I found you!

What´s up, Ivan? ´´ asked Grandpa.

´´The remote control. Remember? It was perfect this morning when you came into the garage. But now, it´s not working.´´ Ivan was trembling. ´´And we have to present our project next. You know all about electronics, don´t you, Grandpa? Do you think you can fix it? ´´

Well… Let´s have a look! ´´ Grandpa replied.

Denise was in bed when Clara acme over on Monday afternoon. She had the mumps and the doctor told her to stay at home for two weeks. Ivan was going to bring her class work from school and Grandpa was going to take care of her.

´´What about your math test next week? ´´ Clara asked. ´´You are going to Miss It.´´

´´No. I´m not. Grandpa talked to the principal this morning and they are going to let me take the test at home.´´

´´Wow! Grandpa is really great, isn´t he? ´´ Clara added.´´ It´s good to have him around after all.´´

´´You know you´re right! We were talking about that when you came in, ´´ Ivan replied.

Just then, Grandpa opened the door.

´´Do you kids need anything? ´´ He asked.

´´No, just you Grandpa, just you. Come on in! ´´ said Denise.

One day a was in a street market and i decided to buy a T-shirt:

Me - Good Morning

Vendor: Good Morning, Sir

Me - I wuld like to buy a T-shirt

Vendor - What color you wuld like?

Me - A Green T-Shirt, but i wuld like your opinion

Vendor - I prefer the blue one

Me - Thank you, but i think that blue one is a sad color. Why about a red one?

Vendor - Sorry, but we don´t have this color.

Me - OK. I will buy the Green T-Shirt. How much is it?

Vendor - 30 Dóllars.

Me - Take it and bye bye.

Vendor - You are always welcome.

Denim For All Ages

Denim is the fashion statement of every moment. All ages and both sexes wear denim. ´´It´s an everlasting trend´´, says Tina Kent, a fashion analyst based in New York City, ´´and it´s here to stay, because denim is more durable and more versatile than others fabrics. Now it´s an integral part of our lives.´´
We talked to three different people about the denim in their closets. Gina is 15. She told us, ´´I have 2 jackets. 1 is denim and the other is leather. My denim jacket is much older than my leather one, but i love the denim one because it´s tighter and shorter, and tight and short is cool. I feel a bit like my mom in my leather one! My denim jacket is also lighter than my leather one and it looks great with jeans. Of course, I´m wearing my denim jacket today because it isn´t very cold. The leather one is much heavier and warmer, so it´s great for the winter.´´
Harry is 24. He told us, ´´ I wear denim jeans because they´re cheaper than other pants, and i can wear them for work, or when i go out in the evening´´. Stella, who is 55, said, ´´Lots of older people are wearing denim these days. I guess it´s because people my age are more active then they used to be. Denim is more comfortable and It´s more fashionable than other fabrics. My denim clothes make me feel younger.

STRANGE NOISES

STRANGE NOISES
ROSE,Luiz H.;FATURETO,Maiza;SEKIYA,Tereza. Strange Noises. Cambridge University Press.2007.

CHAPTER 1: THE VISITORS

Sarah and Steve are sister and brother. Sarah is 16 and Steve is 14. They live in an apartment in a big city with their parents.
Sarah and Steve have an uncle and an aunt who live in the country. Sometimes they visit them and spend the weekend there. Aunt Josie and Uncle Bernie live in a big two-story house on a farm. The house is surrounded by trees, flowers, and grass. They also have many animals on the farm like cows and chickens.
Aunt Josie and Uncle Bernie have a son, Mike, who is 6. He´s an only child. They also have a big dog named Max. Mike loves to be with Sarah and Steve. They all get along very well.
One day, Aunt Josie calls Sarah and Steve´s mother, Anna. Aunt Josie invites Sarah and Steve to spend the weekend with them again. Anna knows her children her children love to go to the farm. After talking to her husband she agrees, and they take their children to the bus station.
The children arrive at the town near the farm on Friday evening. Uncle Bernie is there to meet them. While he´s driving to the farm, he tells Sarah and Steve about the plans for the weekend. They are going fishing and canoeing tomorrow. The children are very excited.
When they get to the farm, Aunt Josie greets them. She is glad to see her nephew and niece again. They take their bags to the bedroom. She asks them if they are hungry, but they say no.
Aunt Josie and Uncle Bernie are still getting everything ready for tomorrow. There are some things to buy, so they tell Sarah and Steve to make themselves at home. Uncle Bernie and Aunt Josie need to drive to the city store a few miles away.
´If we are a little late, there´s food in the oven. Here´s my cell phone number. If there are any problems just call me´, Aunt Josie says.
Aunt Josie and Uncle Bernie get into the car and drive away.

CHAPTER 2: THE KNOCKING ON THE DOOR

´This is going to be a wonderful weekend, ´ says Steve.
´I can´t wait to go canoeing,’ Sarah replies.
´Shhhhhh! ´ says Steve. ‘There´s somebody knocking on the door! ´
They listen carefully. Sarah opens the door, but there´s nobody outside. It´s already dark. She closes the door again.
´I guess it was just our imagination, ´ she says.
The knocking on the door starts again though.
´That´s strange, ´ says Steve. ´Someone is knocking, but Max does not seem to hear anything. He just sits at the door.´
Sarah starts to get annoyed, ´Somebody must be playing a trick on us. Probable a kid who lives nearby´. She suddenly opens the door and tries to catch the unwelcomed visitor. Again, there´s no one outside.
´This is really creepy, isn´t it?’ asks Steve. ´It seems to be a ghost or something! ´
´Don´t be silly, Steve. Ghosts don´t exist.´ Sarah says. ´And stop talking like that or you will scare Mike.´
Once again, the knocking on the door starts, and Sarah runs to the door. She throws it open. Again, there is no one in sight. She starts to get worried this time. ´Who could be doing this? ´ she asks. ´And why? ´
Suddenly, Steve starts laughing.
´What? ´ asks Sarah.
´Look at Max! ´ answers Steve.
Max was sitting next to the door, swinging his tail, making the knocking noise.
Steve and Sarah laugh a lot. They are relieved to discover who is knocking. They were starting to get nervous. Next to them, Mike is playing with his toys, unaware of the incident.

CHAPTER 3: STRANGE NOISES

Sarah and Steve decide take showers before dinner. They take turns playing with Mike.
After their showers, they wait for Aunt Josie and Uncle Bernie to come back and have dinner. But it´s already late.
´I don´t want to wait anymore. I´m hungry! ´ complains Steve.
´You´re always hungry, ´ says Sarah.
´But I´m hungry too! ´ says Mike.
´OK. Let´s have dinner then.´ Sarah agrees.
Sarah takes the food out of the oven.
After dinner, Mike wants to hear a story. Sarah starts telling him the story of ´Little Red Riding Hood´, but when she gets to the part where the wolf attacks the grandmother, Mike is already asleep. Steve and Sarah decide to wait for their uncle and aunt, but they are tired.
They end up falling asleep, too.
It´s late now and the house is very quiet. Suddenly a strange noise from upstairs wakes up Sarah and Steve. But Mike keeps sleeping.
´What´s that noise? ´ ask Steve.
´Maybe it´s Max again. Where´s he? ´ asks Sarah.
They go upstairs, but they can´t find Max. They go back downstairs. Sarah goes to the kitchen to get some water.
‘Hey, Steve. Look who´s in the kitchen. It´s Max.’
‘Well, if he is in the kitchen, who was making the noise upstairs?’ Steve asks.
‘I don´t know’ Sarah answers.
‘What are we going to do?’ Steve asks.
‘Let´s call Aunt Josie!’ Sarah replies.
Sarah and Steve try to call Aunt Josie, but she isn´t answering her cell phone.
The noise starts again. Sarah and Steve are really scared now.
They are afraid of going upstairs again. They decide to say downstairs and wait for Aunt Josie and Uncle Bernie.

CHAPTER 4: THE PROBLEM WITH THE CAR

An hour later, Aunt Josie and Uncle Bernie finally arrive. They find three kids downstairs.
‘Sorry we´re so late. We had a flat tire. We tried to call you, but there was no phone signal. Is everything all right?’ Aunt Josie asks.
‘Yes!’ Steve replies. ‘First we heard a noise near the door, but then we realized it was Max who was making the noise with his tail. Then we heard some noises upstairs, but we didn´t find anything up here.’
Uncle Bernie decides to go upstairs to check again.
‘There is nothing here’ he shouts. ‘Are you sure you heard noises?’ asks.
Aunt Josie interrupts him, ‘It´s probably the neighbor´s cats on our roof again, Bernie.’
‘Yes, those stupid cats!’ Uncle Bernie replies.
‘The first time they climbed on our roof and started making noises, we didn´t know what it was either.’
They all go outside. They see the cats on the roof.
Sarah and Steve look at each other.
‘How silly we were!’ says Steve. ‘We were scared because of cats.’
Everybody starts to laugh.
‘Let´s all go to bed now. We have a long day tomorrow’
This is just one example of how our imagination can play tricks on us. What about you? Does your imagination ever play tricks on you?

Johnny´s First Kiss

A NEW SCHOOL

Johnny´s thirteen. He is living with his parents in a new neighborhood. It´s his first day at a new school. But Jonny is not very happy. He doesn´t know the other kids there.

It´s early in the morning. Outside the sun is shining. Jonny and his mother are talking in the kitchen.

J – But I want to stay with my best friends Tom, Chris and Bobby! What about soccer practice, mom? I´m on the team. Don´t you remember?

M – Of course I do. But you´ll make new friends at your new school, Johnny.

J – But I don´t want to be the ’’new kid’’ that everyone talks about. It´s terrible when other kids make fun of you.

M – I know it´s difficult to change schools, Johnny. And it´s hard to leave good friends. But trust me! After a week, you won´t be the new kid anymore!

J – Come on, Mom! Stop kidding! If I don´t like the new school, I´m not going to stay there. I´m going back to my old school.

Two months later…

It´s lunch time. Johnny is at home. He is in a hurry because he is going out with his friends from his new school. He runs down the stairs. His mother is preparing launch.

J – Bye Mom! I´m going to play soccer with my friends!

M – Hey! Lunch is almost ready! Don´t you want to eat?

J – No thanks, Mom. I´m late! I´ll eat something later!

AT SCHOOL

Johnny´s new school friends are Nick, Lou and Fred. They are classmates. They play soccer on the school team and do lots of things together. They call themselves’’ The Gang’’.

Cynthia is Johnny´s classmates too. When he is not with the gang, he likes to spend time with her. Johnny and Cynthia usually study together. After school, they always chat on the phone.

It´s 10 o´clock in the morning. It´s break time and the kids are chatting in the school yard.

N – Hey, Johnny! Come with us to Fred´s house after school!

J – I can´t. Cynthia and I are going to study together for the exam tomorrow. My mom is going to help us.

N – Come on, Johnny! Fred´s parents are out of town. It´s going to be fun!

F – Yes! Come with us, Johnny!

J – All right, I´ll go! But first, I need to call my mom and Cynthia!

MAKING FUN OF JONNY

At Fred´s house, the kids are laughing and telling jokes. They are eating junk food and drinking soda. Johnny forgets to call his mother and Cynthia. Later the telephone rings. Toni, Fred´s older brother, answers the phone.

‘’Hello, this is Tony speaking. Who is this? Johnny´s mom… Ok, hold on!’’

T – Hey, Johnny, it´s your mommy on the phone! Ha, ha, ha!

Johnny answers the phone.

‘’Hi Mom…’’

‘’Johnny, your friend Cynthia is looking for you everywhere,’’ his mother says.

‘’What are you doing at Fred´s house? Don´t you have an exam tomorrow?

Johnny is embarrassed. ‘’Sorry mom! I´ll call Cynthia. And I´ll study together, OK? Bye.’’

Johnny hangs up the phone. He turns to his friends.

J – Well, I think my mom is mad at me.

N – Hey, Johnny, don´t worry. All moms are the same. It´s no big deal!

J – Anyway, it´s late. I need to go! Bye, guys!

Tony starts to make fun of Johnny.

‘’Mommy, Mommy, sorry! Hey, and don´t forget to call Cynthia! Ha, ha, ha!’’

J – Shut up ,Tony!

F and N – See you, Johnny!

Later at night, Johnny arrives home. He tells his mother he is going to study the next morning before school. He calls Cynthia and apologizes to her. They talk on the phone for a long time.

BAD GRADES, BAD NEWS

The following morning, Johnny is still sleeping. His mother enters his bedroom. She is very upset.

M – Wake up, Johnny! Wake up!

J – Oh, mom… What time is it?

M – It´s 7:45 and you´re late for school! Hurry up and get ready! You don´t have time for breakfast! And by the way, I want to see your exam results later!

Johnny gets a bad grade on the exam. Because of this, he doesn´t want to go home immediately. He decides to go to the Fred´s house with the gang.

The kids play video games all afternoon. Tony has a pack of cigarettes. He takes one and passes the pack to the Fred, Nick and Lou. They all take a cigarette. Tony gives the pack to Johnny.

J – No thanks, Tony. I don´t smoke. Actually, I don’t like cigarettes!

F – Why don´t you try? It´s cool!

Johnny tries to smoke and…

J – Arghhhh! It´s awful!

The boys feels horrible. He starts to cough and to breathe with difficulty. Fred makes fun for him.

F – You don´t know how to smoke, Johnny!

All the kids laugh at Johnny.

ONE MISTAKE AFTER ANOTHER

Next day at school, Johnny is talking to Cynthia when the boys arrive. He sees them and feels embarrassed.

J – Ok, so… I´ll see you later, Cynthia.

C – Johnny, are we going to study together this afternoon?

J – Well, I´m not sure… I´ll call you, OK?

Johnny leave Cynthia. She is upset. ‘’The Gang’’ asks Johnny if he is dating Cynthia.

J – No, not really!

L – Good! Because we are going to have a party and Julia will be there. She´s crazy about you.

J – Really?

N – Yeah, Johnny. Everybody knows that!

F – Hey, Johnny, you´re a lucky guy! Julia is the best-looking girl at school.

It´s late in the evening. Johnny is at home. He is talking to Cynthia on the phone. She is still upset.

J – Hi, Cynthia. I´m sorry about today. Let´s study together tomorrow after class! We can meet at the library.

C – I don´t think it´s a good idea, Johnny. Every time your friends appear, you act strange around me.

J – Sorry, Cynthia. It´s because… Well, I get embarrassed!

C – No Johnny. I think you are ashamed of me. Listen, a have to go now. Talk to you later.

SOME GOOD ADVICE

Johnny is in his room. He is feeling down. He really cares about Cynthia. Now, she is disappointed in him. Suddenly, someone knocks on his bedroom door. It´s his father.

Dad – Johnny… can I come in?

J – Sure Dad!

Dad – Johnny, your mother is a little worried about you. Is everything okay?

J – Not really, Dad. I know mom is disappointed in me, and now Cynthia is upset too…

Johnny´s father sees that his son is sad. He sits down next to him.

Dad – Johnny, sometimes we do things we don´t want to, just to please other people. Sometimes, we hurt people we like. Sometimes, we hurt ourselves.

J – Thanks, Dad!

Johnny´s dad hugs his son.

PLANNING THE PARTY

After class, ‘’the gang’’ arranges the last details of the party. Fred and Lou tell Johnny that Julia will be there. They are going to meet at Fred´s house around 8:00 pm. In the meantime, Johnny tries to tell Cynthia about the party. But she is too busy talk. Later, the kids go to soccer practice. Johnny´s arrive home for the soccer practice. He asks his mother if there are any messages for him. But there are none. He takes a shower and phones Cynthia. He wants to invite her to the party. Johnny is planning to tell her thet he likes her. But Cynthia´s line is always busy. It´s almost 8 o´clock.

J – Mom, I´m going to the party!

M – Do you want your father to pick you up later?

J – No Mom, Nick´s dad is going to give us a ride. Bye!

A PARTY OF SURPRISES

It´s ‘’party time’’ at Fred´s house. The kids are all excited. Julia is there with a group of girls. Music is playing and some kids are dancing. The boys are in one corner and the girls are in another. Julia smiles at Johnny. The boys encourage Johnny to go and talk to her.

J – Hey, guys, listen. I´m not interested in Julia…

F – Hey, Johnny, she´s smiling at you. Now is your chance!

L – Yeah man! Go and talk to her! Do it for us! Do it for the gang!

Johnny doesn´t want to let his friends down. At the same time, he is thinking about Cynthia. But he finally agrees to talk to Julia.

J – Hi, Julia!

Ju – Oh, hello Johnny. Hey, the guys say you are the best player on the soccer team.

J – Well, I guess I´m all right!

To Johnny´s surprise, Julia puts her arms around him and kisses him. At this moment, Cynthia arrives at the party. She sees Johnny with Julia!

Fred and Lou are next to Cynthia. They decide to teaser her.

F – Johnny is a really lucky guy!

L – Yes, he sure is!

Cynthia looks angrily at Fred and Lou. Then she turns and walks away.

F – Hey, Cynthia, where are you going? Don´t you want to stay for the rest of the party?

C – You guys are really stupid, just like your friend, Johnny!

DOING THE RIGHT THING

Cynthia runs quickly out of the house. Just then, Johnny sees her. He turns to Julia.

J – Sorry Julia, but I have to talk to someone.

Johnny runs across the living room. His friends try to stop him, but he pushes them away. He wants to talk to Cynthia before she goes away. Cynthia is already outside. She is crying.

J – Cynthia! Hey, Cynthia! Wait a minute!

C – Johnny, why don´t you go back inside? Your girlfriend is waiting of you.

J – She´s not my girlfriend. I don´t care about her. I´m hanging out with the gang just to be cool.

C – I don´t believe you, Johnny!

J – Cynthia, I really care about you. The party is over for me too. Let me take your home.

C - No thanks. My father is coming to pick me up. Look, that´s him now.

A car stops in front of the house. Johnny looks at Cynthia. For the first time, she sees that he is really sad.

As Johnny starts to walk away, he is thinking – ‘’I´m really stupid. Now I know I really like Cynthia but she hates me.’’

Cynthia enters the car. Johnny is walking away when he hears a voice.

C – Hey, Johnny! We can take your home if you want.

Johnny turns round and sees Cynthia smiling at him.

Another school day is beginning. Johnny is having breakfast with his mother.

M – What time will you be home, Johnny?

J – Well, Mom, after class I have soccer. Then I´m meeting Cynthia. We´re doing a geography project together.

M – Remember your first day at school? Now, look at you! You´re not the ‘’new kid’’ anymore, son.

J – You´re wrong, Mom. I AM a ''new kid''!

He grabs his backpack, kisses his mother and goes to school.

Os Recifes de Corais

Os recifes de coral crescem na região fótica de mares tropicais, de forte ação de ondas, forte o suficiente para manter disponível na coluna d´água alimento e oxigêncio dissolvido. Os recifes de coral também dependem de águas rasas, limpas, mornas e pobres em nutrientes para crescer. Os corais são organismos coloniais que em sua maioria constroem esqueletos calcários. Tais esqueletos são responsáveis pela estrutura rochosa chamada recifes de coral.

Cnidários

O filo Cnidaria (do grego knidos, irritante, e do latim aria, sufixo plural) são os animais aquáticos conhecidos popularmente como celenterados ou cnidários, de que fazem parte as hidras de água doce, medusas, alforrecas ou águas-vivas, que são normalmente oceânicas, os corais, anémonas-do-mar e as caravelas.

O filo era também chamado Coelenterata (das palavras gregas "coela", o mesmo que "cela" ou "espaço vazio" e "enteros", "intestino"), que originalmente incluía os pentes-do-mar, atualmente considerado um filo separado, composto por animais também gelatinosos como as medusas, mas com características próprias.

Emigrantes e Imigrantes

A emigração é o ato e o fenômeno espontâneo de deixar seu local de residência para se estabelecer numa outra região ou nação. Trata-se do mesmo fenômeno da imigração mas visto da perspectiva do lugar de origem.A emigração é a saída de nosso país. Convenciona-se chamar os movimentos humanos anteriores ao advento dos Estados nacionais e, conseqüentemente, do surgimento das fronteiras de migração. O termo migração também é comumente usado para designar os fluxos de população dentro de um mesmo país.

Considera-se como imigração o movimento de entrada, com ânimo permanente ou temporário e com a intenção de trabalho e/ou residência, de pessoas ou populações, de um país para outro.

O imigrante também não deve ser confundido com:

• o nômade, aquele que se desloca entre uma ou mais fronteiras, sem fixar residência;
• o emigrante, aquele que sai de um país com ânimo permanente ou temporário e com a intenção de buscar trabalho e/ou residência em outro país;
• o colono, aquele que se desloca para uma região geralmente pouco povoada de seu país de origem, ou de um território dominado por este país, com o intuito de ali fixar residência e produzir economicamente. Esta colonização também pode se revestir de um caráter político de ocupação, dominação ou exploração de um território por um governo.
• os escravos, banidos, deportados ou exilados, aqueles deslocados de seus países de origem compulsoriamente;
• os refugiados, aqueles deslocados temporariamente em razão de guerras ou catástrofes naturais em seu país de origem.
• os expatriados, aqueles trabalhadores transferidos de empresa transnacional para trabalhar em outro país.

População, Raça, Cor e Étnia

Uma etnia ou um grupo étnico é, no sentido mais amplo, uma comunidade humana definida por afinidades linguísticas e culturais e semelhanças genéticas. Estas comunidades geralmente reivindicam para si uma estrutura social, política e um território.

A palavra etnia é usada muitas vezes erroneamente como um eufemismo para raça, ou como um sinônimos para grupo minoritário.

RAÇA E ETNIA Embora não possam ser considerados como iguais, o conceito de raça é associado ao de etnia. A diferença reside no fato de que etnia também compreende os fatores culturais, como a, a afiliação tribal, a religião, a língua e as tradições, enquanto raça compreende apenas os fatores morfológicos, como cor da pele, constituição física, estatura, traço facial, etc.

A raça é um conceito que obedece diversos parâmetros para categorizar diferentes populações de uma mesma espécie biológica desde suas características fenotípicas (ou físicas); é comum falar-se das raças de cães ou de outros animais.^[1]

A antropologia, entre os séculos XVII e XX, usou igualmente várias classificações de grupos humanos no que é conhecido como "raças humanas" mas, desde que se utilizaram os métodos genéticos para estudar populações humanas, essas classificações e o próprio conceito de "raças humanas" deixaram de ser utilizados,^[2], persistindo o uso do termo apenas na política, quando se pede "igualdade racial" ou na legislação quando se fala em "preconceito de raça", como a leinº 12.288, de 20 de julho de 2010 que instituiu, no Brasil, o “Estatuto da Igualdade Racial”.



A cor da pele humana varia entre quase preto (devido à alta concentração do pigmento escuro melanina) para quase sem cor (aparentando ser rosado devido a vasos sanguíneos sob a pele).^[1] A cor da pele é determinada primariamente pela quantidade e tipo de melanina, o pigmento que dá à pele sua cor. A variação da cor da pele ocorre em sua maior parte devido à genética. Em geral, pessoas com ancestrais provenientes de regiões tropicais e maiores altitudes (fatores que aumentam exposição aos raios ultravioleta) possuem pele de cores mais escuras do que pessoas cujos ancestrais provém de regiões subtropicais. Porém, vários grupos étnicos de cor da pele clara conseguiram sobrevier em regiões tropicais via adaptação social, e vice-versa para grupos étnicos de cor da pele escura em regiões subtropicais.


O termo população tem, consoante a disciplina a que se refere, distintas definições. Em Biologia define-se como um grupo de indivíduos que acasalam uns com os outros, produzindo descendência. Em Sociologia define-se como um conjunto de pessoas adscritas a um determinado espaço, num dado tempo. Em Estatística define-se população como o conjunto de todos os elementos ou resultados sob investigação.

Os Governos Gerais

Com o fracasso do sistema das capitanias, Portugal decidiu implantar, em 1548, uma nova organização administrativa, o GOVERNO GERAL. Porém, as capitanias não foram extintas. Aos poucos a Coroa comprou-as de seus donatários. A administração foi centralizada em um governador geral, que respondia diretamente a Portugal, o que facilitou o controle e a defesa do território contra as invasões estrangeiras.




Tomé de Sousa(foto acima), o primeiro governador-geral do Brasil, aportou a colônia em 1549. Com ele, vieram centenas de colonos e os primeiros padres jesuítas. Lá ele fundou a primeira capital do Brasil, Salvador, Sua função foi essencial para a concretização de um projeto colonizador da Metrópole portuguesa.

As Capitâneas Hereditárias

Pela grande extensão territorial e falta de recursos, a Coroa portuguesa implantou na Colônia o sistema CAPITÂNIAS HEREDITÁRIAS, dividindo as terras em porções de tamanhos variados que seriam oferecidas a fidalgos portugueses dispostos a explora-las e ocupa-las. Esses investidores, chamados de DONATÁRIOS, tinham o direito á posse e á exploração das terras recebidas, mas não podiam vendê-las.

Ocupar é Preciso

A chegada dos portugueses na América, em 1500, não entusiasmou a Coroa. As terras descobertas aparentavam não ter recursos que gerassem riqueza fácil, como os metais preciosos encontrados na América espanhola. O comércio com o Oriente era muito mais atraente e, por isso, os lusos concentraram-se nele.








Contudo, isso não significou que a América portuguesa tivesse sido abandonada. A Coroa decidiu explorar a madeira da árvore do pau-Brasil da qual se retirava um poderoso corante de tecidos. O pau-Brasil era abundante no litoral e era extraído com a utilização da mão-de-obra indígena, sob a supervisão de exploradores portugueses.

Comunidades Organizadas

A incorporação á constituição do direito dos povos indígenas a preservarem sua cultura foi uma das muitas conquistas que resultaram da auto-organização das comunidades indígenas. Seus líderes atuam hoje tanto nas instituições governamentais como em Organizações Não-Governamentais - as ONGs -, promovendo diversos eventos nos quais os próximos indígenas têm poder de decisão.

A Influência Indígena

Ao longo do tempo, várias comunidades indígenas adotaram o modo de vida dos colonizadores. Além de assimilarem elementos da cultura europeia, também foram responsáveis pela incorporação de muitos aspectos de sua cultura aos costumes nacionais. Exemplos disso são palavras de origem tupi como cutucão e jacaré; o uso do chimarrão; e da rede de dormir; diversos tratamentos medicinais á base de ervas entre outras inúmeras contribuições.

Existem hoje cerca de 700 mil indígenas, divididos em 227, distribuídos por diversas aldeias espalhadas pelo Brasil. A maioria está estabelecida em reservas indígenas, mas existem muitos deles vivendo em cidades.

A população indígena vem crescendo e está mais organizada para lutar pelos direitos.

A descoberta do Brasil

O termo descoberta do Brasil se refere à chegada, em 22 de abril de 1500, da frota comandada por Pedro Álvares Cabral ao território onde hoje se encontra o Brasil. A palavra "descoberta" é usada nesse caso em uma perspectiva eurocêntrica, referindo-se estritamente à chegada de europeus às terras do atual Brasil, que já eram habitadas por vários povos indígenas.

Embora quase exclusivamente utilizado em relação à viagem de Cabral, o termo "descoberta do Brasil" também pode referir-se à suposta chegada de outros navegantes europeus antes de Cabral. Esse é o caso das possíveis expedições do espanhol Vicente Yáñez Pinzón em 26 de janeiro de 1500, e de Duarte Pacheco Pereira em 1498.

Eles decobriram a tribo tupinambá e tupiniquim. Elas eram inimigas entre si, mas com a descoberta do Brasil, outros países foram para lá. Com isso, os tupinambás se aliaram aos americanos e os tupiniquim aos europeus. Quando os tupinambás venceram a guerra, descobriram o pau brasil, que era usado como tinta . Á esquerda tupinambá.

No dia 24 de Abril, Cabral recebeu os nativos no seu navio. Então, acompanhado de Sancho de Tovar, Simão de Miranda, Nicolau Coelho, Aires Correia e Pero Vaz de Caminha, recebeu o grupo de índios que reconheceram de imediato o ouro e a prata que se fazia surgir no navio — nomeadamente um fio de ouro de D. Pedro e um castiçal de prata — o que fez com que os portugueses inicialmente acreditassem que havia muito ouro naquela terra.

Entretanto, Caminha, em sua carta, confessa que não sabia dizer se os índios diziam mesmo que ali havia ouro ou se o desejo dos navegantes pelo metal era tão grande que eles não conseguiram entender diferentemente. Posteriormente, provou-se que a segunda alternativa era a verdadeira.

O encontro entre portugueses e índios também está documentado na carta escrita por Caminha. O choque cultural foi evidente. Os indígenas não reconheceram os animais que traziam os navegadores, à exceção de um papagaio que o capitão trazia consigo; ofereceram-lhes comida e vinho, os quais os índios rejeitaram.

A curiosidade tocou-lhes pelos objetos não reconhecidos - como umas contas de rosário, e a surpresa dos portugueses pelos objetos reconhecidos - os metais preciosos. Fez-se curioso e absurdo aos portugueses o fato de Cabral ter vestido-se com todas as vestimentas e adornos os quais tinha direito um capitão-mor frente aos índios e estes, por sua vez, terem passado por sua frente sem diferenciá-lo dos demais tripulantes.

Camadas da atmosfera

A partir dos 50 Km de altitude encontramos a mesosfera ou esfera intermediária. Acima dela, entre 90 e 500 Km, estende-se a termosfera ou ionosfera, onde o ar é extremamente rarefeito. Por fim, chega-se à exosfera ou ''esfera exterior'', que começa entre 500 e 750 Km de altitude e vai progressivamente desaparecendo no espaço.